beg-`kg †kªwY
welq: c`v_©weÁvb
Aa¨vq -1: c`v_©:
|
µwgK
bs:
|
weÁvbx‡`i bvg:
|
Rb¥ - g„Zz¨ mvj I ‡`k
|
Avwe®‹v‡ii welq / Dcvwa / gšÍe¨:
|
|
01.
|
‡_wjm&
|
wLª: c~:
(624-569)
MÖxm
|
o m~h©MÖnY m¤úwK©Z fwel¨ØvYx|
o e„‡Ëi e¨vm e„ˇK mgwØLwÛZ K‡i|
o ‡jvW‡÷v‡bi †PŠ¤^K ag© m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Zb|
|
|
02.
|
wc_v‡Mvivm
|
wLª: c~:
(527-497)
MÖxm
|
o AvMyb, cvwb, gvwU I evq~ GB PviwU †gŠ‡ji aviYv|
o K¤úgvb Zv‡ii Dci Zvui KvR AwaK ¯’vqx| eZ©gv‡b ev`¨hš¿ I msMxZ wel‡q †h †¯‹j i‡q‡Q Zv ÔZv‡ii K¤úbÕ-welqK Zvui AbymÜv‡bi AvswkK Ae`vb|
o me welq‡K m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
|
|
03.
|
‡W‡gvwµUvm&
|
wLª: c~:
(460-370)
MÖxm
|
o c`v‡_©i AwefvR¨ GKK cigvYy|
o `vk©wbK|
|
|
04.
|
AvwK©wgwWm&
|
wLª: c~:
(287-212)
MÖxm
|
o avZzi †fRvj wbY©‡qi m~Î|
o wjfv‡ii bxwZ I Zi‡j wbgw¾Z e¯‘i Ici wµqvkxj DaŸ©g~Lx e‡ji m~Î|
o ‡Mvjxq `c©‡bi mvnv‡h¨ m~‡h©i iwk¥ †K›`ªxf~Z K‡i AvMyb aiv‡bvi †KŠkj|
o MwYZwe`|
|
|
05.
|
A¨vwi÷vKvm©
|
wLª: c~:
(460-370)
MÖxm
|
o cÖvPxb c„w_exi me©‡kªô ‡R¨vwZwe©`|
o m~h©B †mŠiRM‡Zi †K›`ª|
o mKj MÖn¸‡jv m~h©‡K †K›`ª K‡i Zvi Pviw`‡K Nyi‡Q|
|
|
06.
|
A¨vwi÷Uj
|
wLª: c~:
(384-322)
MÖxm
|
o m~h©, MÖn I b¶Î¸‡jv w¯’i c„w_ex‡K †K›`ª K‡i Nyi‡Q|
o Ávb weÁv‡bi mKj welq¸‡jv wb‡q wPšÍv K‡ib|
|
|
07.
|
Be‡b Avj nvB_vg
|
wLª: c~:
(965-1039)
Avie
|
o Av‡jvK Z‡Ë¡i D‡jL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb|
|
|
08.
|
Avj& nv‡Rb
|
wLª: c~:
(965-1038)
BivK
|
o Av‡jvK Z‡Ë¡i D‡jL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb|
o e¯‘ †_‡K Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L Av‡jv Av‡m e‡jB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB|
o AvuZkx KvuP wb‡q cix¶vi Øviv wZwb DËj †j‡Ýi AvaywbKvq‡bi KvQvKvwQ hvb|
|
|
09.
|
U‡jwg
|
(127-151)
wgki
|
o wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb ‡h, †Kvb e¯‘ †`Lvi Rb¨ †PvL wb‡R Av‡jvK iwk¥ cvVvq|
|
|
10.
|
Avj& gvmy`x
|
(896-956)
Avie
|
o GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqv ˆZwi K‡ib cÖK„wZi BwZnvm wb‡q| G‡Z evqyK‡ji D‡jL wQj|
|
|
11.
|
iRvi †eKb
|
(1214-1294)
|
o cix¶vg~jK ‰eÁvwbK c×wZi cÖe³v|
|
|
12.
|
wjDbv‡`©v `v wfwÂ
|
(1452-1519)
BZvwj
|
o D‡ovRvnv‡Ri g‡Wj ˆZwi K‡ib|
o wKQy mvaviY hš¿cvwZ D™¢veb K‡ib|
|
|
13.
|
M¨vwjwjI
|
wLª: c~:
(1564-1642) BZvwj
|
o wZwbB cÖ_g ‡`Lvb ‡h, ch©‡e¶Y, cix¶Y Ges myk„•Ljfv‡e †fŠZ ivwki msÁv cÖ`vb I G‡`i g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbav©iY, ˆeÁvwbK K‡g©i g~jwfwË|
o MvwYwZK ZË¡ wbg©vY I cix¶vi gva¨‡g Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Gi ‰eÁvwbK aviv m~PYv K‡ib|
o cošÍ e¯Íyi m~Î cÖ`vb K‡ib|
o ¯§„wZwe`¨vi wfwË ¯’vcb K‡ib|
o miY, MwZ, Z¡iY I mgq BZ¨vw`i msÁv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
|
|
14.
|
Wv: wMjevU©
|
(1540-1603) Bsj¨vÛ
|
o Pz¤^KZ¡ wb‡q D‡jL‡hvM¨ M‡elYv I ZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib|
|
|
15.
|
‡mœj
|
(1591-1626) Rvg©vwb
|
o Av‡jvi cÖwZmi‡Yi m~Î Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
16.
|
nvB‡Mb
|
(1626-1695) †b`vij¨vÛ
|
o †`vjKxq MwZ ch©v‡jvPbv|
o Nwoi hvwš¿K †KŠk‡ji weKvk|
o Av‡jvi Zi½ Z‡Ë¡i D™¢veK|
|
|
17.
|
ievU© ûK
|
(1635-1703)
Bsj¨vÛ
|
o c`v‡_©i w¯’wZ¯’vcK a‡g©i AbymÜvb K‡ib|
|
|
18.
|
ievU© i‡qj
|
(1627-1691)
Avqvij¨vÛ
|
o wewfbœ Pv‡c M¨v‡mi ag© †ei Kivi Rb¨ cix¶v-wbix¶v Pvjvb|
|
|
19.
|
fb ¸‡qwiK
|
(1602-1686) Rvg©vwb
|
o evqy cv¤ú Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
20.
|
‡ivgvi
|
(1644-1710)
†WbgvK©
|
o e„n¯úwZi GKwU DcMÖ‡ni MªnY ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Av‡jvi †eM cwigvc K‡ib|
|
|
21.
|
‡Kvcvwb©Kvm
|
(1473-1543)
†cvj¨vÛ
|
o ‡mŠi‡Kw›`ªK Z‡Ë¡i avibv Dcw¯’Z K‡ib|
|
|
22.
|
‡Kcjvi
|
(1571-1630) Rvg©vwb
|
o wZbwU m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ ‡Kvcvwb©Kv‡mi Ô‡mŠi‡Kw›`ªK Z‡Ë¡i' MvwYwZK eY©bv †`b|
o cÖPwjZ e„ËvKvi K¶c‡_i cwie‡Z© Dce„ËvKvi K¶c_ Kíbv K‡ib|
|
|
23.
|
UvB‡Kveªv‡n
|
(1546-1601)
myB‡Wb
|
o MÖn‡`i MwZc_ m¤ú‡K© MvwYwZK m~‡Îi D™¢veK|
|
|
24.
|
wbDUb
|
(1642-1727)
Bsj¨vÛ
|
o ejwe`¨v I ejwe`¨vi wZbwU weL¨vZ m~Î Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
o wek¦Rbxb gnvKl© m~Î Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
o MvwY‡Zi K¨vjKzjvm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
o M¨vwjwjI Gi ˆeÁvwbK m~‡Îi c~Y©Zv `vb K‡ib|
o k‡ãi ‡eM wbY©‡qi GKwU m~Î Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
o kã I Av‡jvK weÁv‡b Zvi Ae`vb Av‡Q|
|
|
25.
|
‡Rgm& IqvU
|
(1736-1813)
¯‹Uj¨vÛ
|
o ev®úxq BwÄb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
26.
|
n¨vÝ wµwðqvb I‡qi‡÷W
|
(1777-1851)
†WbgvK©
|
o Zwor cÖev‡ni †PŠ¤^K wµqv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
27.
|
gvB‡Kj d¨viv‡W
|
(1791-1867)
Bsj¨vÛ
|
o Ò‡PŠ¤^K wµqv Zwor cÖevn Drcv`b K‡iÓ GwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
28.
|
†nbix
|
(1797-1879)
hy³ivóª
|
o Ò‡PŠ¤^K wµqv Zwor cÖevn Drcv`b K‡iÓ GwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
29.
|
‡jÄ
|
(1804-1865)
ivwkqv
|
o Ò‡PŠ¤^K wµqv Zwor cÖevn Drcv`b K‡iÓ GwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
30.
|
‡Rgm& K¬vK© g¨v·I‡qj
|
(1831-1879)
¯‹Uj¨vÛ
|
o Av‡jv GK cÖKvi Zwor †PŠ¤^K Zi½|
o Zwor †¶Î I †PŠ¤^K †¶‡Î GKxf~Z K‡i Zwor †PŠ¤^K Z‡Ë¡i weKvk NUvb|
|
|
31.
|
‡nbwiL nvR©
|
(1857-1894)
Rvg©vwb
|
o Zvwor †PŠ¤^K wewKiY Drcv`b I D`NvUb K‡ib|
|
|
32.
|
gvK©bx
|
(1874-1937)
BZvwj
|
o Zvwor †PŠ¤^K Zi‡½i e¨envi K‡i AwaK `~i‡Z¡ †gvm©‡Kv‡W ms‡KZ cvVv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| Gfv‡e †eZvi Rb¥ jvf K‡i|
|
|
33.
|
RM`xk P›`ª emy
|
(1858-1937)
evsjv‡`k
|
o Zvwor †PŠ¤^K Zi½ e¨envi K‡i GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b kw³ †cÖiY K‡ib| Gfv‡e †eZvi Rb¥ jvf K‡i|
|
|
34.
|
ib‡Rb
|
(1845-1923)
Rvg©vwb
|
o G·-†i Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
35.
|
‡e‡K‡ij
|
(1852-1908)
d«vÝ
|
o BD‡iwbqvg ‡ZRw¯ŒqZv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
36.
|
g¨v·c¨v¼
|
(1858-1947)
Rvg©vwb
|
o wewKiY msµvšÍ †Kvqv›Uvg ZË¡ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
37.
|
AvjevU© AvBb÷vBb
|
(1879-1955)
Rvg©vwb
|
o Av‡cw¶K ZË¡ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
|
|
38.
|
iv`vi‡dvU©
|
(1871-1937)
wbDwRj¨vÛ
|
o cigvby welqK wbDwK¬q ZË¡ ‡`b|
|
|
39.
|
bxjm& †evi
|
(1885-1962)
†WbgvK©
|
o nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi cigvYyi B‡jKUªb ¯Í‡ii aviYv †`b|
|
|
40.
|
I‡Uvnvb
|
Rvg©vwb
|
o ÒwbDwK¬qvm wdkb †hvM¨Ó|
|
|
41.
|
‡÷ªm&g¨vb
|
Rvg©vwb
|
o ÒwbDwK¬qvm wdkb †hvM¨Ó|
|
|
42.
|
m‡Z›`ªbv_ emy
|
(1894-1974)
evsjv‡`k
|
o ZvwË¡K c`v_© weÁv‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡Lb|
o cv‡¼b †Kvqv›Uvg Z‡Ë¡i GKwU ï×Zvi cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|
|
ÔwKQy †gŠwjK ivwkÕ I Ô†fŠZ ivwki bvg,
ms‡KZ, GKK I gvÎv:
|
µwgK
bs:
|
ivwk:
(evsjv bvg)
|
ivwk:
(In English)
|
ivwki
ms‡KZ:
|
Gm. AvB. (SI) GKK:
|
gvÎv:
|
|
|
GK‡Ki bvg:
|
ms‡KZ:
|
|||||
|
01.
|
‰`N©¨
|
Length
|
l
|
wgUvi
|
m
|
L
|
|
02.
|
fi
|
Mass
|
m
|
wK‡jvMÖvg
|
kg
|
M
|
|
03.
|
mgq
|
Time
|
t
|
‡m‡KÛ
|
s
|
T
|
|
04.
|
miY
|
Displacement
|
S
|
wgUvi
|
m
|
L
|
|
05.
|
‡¶Îdj
|
Area
|
A
|
(wgUvi)2
|
m2
|
L2
|
|
06.
|
AvqZb
|
Volume
|
V
|
(wgUvi)3
|
m3
|
L3
|
|
07.
|
‡eM
|
Velocity
|
u or v
|
wgUvi/‡m‡KÛ
|
ms-1
|
LT-1
|
|
08.
|
`ªywZ
|
Speed
|
u or v
|
wgUvi/‡m‡KÛ
|
ms-1
|
LT-1
|
|
09.
|
Z¡iY
|
Acceleration
|
a
|
wgUvi/‡m‡KÛ2
|
ms-2
|
LT-2
|
|
10.
|
fi‡eM
|
Momentum
|
p
|
wK‡jvMÖvg-wgUvi/‡m‡KÛ
|
Kgms-1
|
MLT-1
|
|
11.
|
ej
|
Force
|
F
|
wbDUb
|
N or Kgms-2
|
MLT-2
|
|
12.
|
KvR
|
Work
|
W
|
Ryj
|
J or N.m
|
ML2T-2
|
|
13.
|
¶gZv
|
Power
|
P
|
IqvU
|
W or J.S-1
|
ML2T-3
|
|
14.
|
kw³
|
Energy
|
E
|
Ryj
|
J or N.m
|
ML2T-2
|
|
15.
|
NbZ¡
|
Density
|
ρ
|
wK‡jvMÖvg/wgUvi3
|
Kgm-3
|
ML-3
|
|
16.
|
Pvc
|
Pressure
|
P
|
c¨vm‡Kj
|
Pa orNm-2
|
ML-1 T-2
|
|
17.
|
Zvc
|
Quantity of heat
|
Q
|
Ryj
|
J or N.m
|
ML2T-2
|
|
18.
|
‡`vjb Kvj
|
Time Period
|
T
|
‡m‡KÛ
|
s
|
T
|
|
19.
|
Zi½ ‰`N©¨
|
Wave Length
|
λ
|
wgUvi
|
m
|
L
|
|
20.
|
K¤úv¼
|
Frequency
|
f
|
nvR©
|
Hz or S-1
|
T-1
|
|
21.
|
ZvcgvÎv
|
Temperature
|
θ
|
‡Kjwfb
|
K
|
θ
|
|
22.
|
Zvc aviY ¶gZv
|
Heat Capacity
|
C
|
Ryj/‡Kjwfb
|
J .kg-2
|
ML2T-2 θ-1
|
|
23.
|
Av‡cw¶K myß Zvc
|
Specific latent heat
|
l
|
Ryj/wK‡jvMÖvg
|
J .kg-1
|
L2T-2
|
|
24.
|
Zwor cÖevn
|
Electric Current
|
I
|
A¨vw¤úqvi
|
A
|
I
|
|
25.
|
Avavb
|
Charge
|
Q or q
|
Kzj¤^
|
C or As
|
IT
|
|
26.
|
Zwor ZxeªZv
|
Electric Intensity
|
E
|
wbDUb/ Kzj¤^
|
NC-1 or Vm-1
|
ML-3I-1
|
|
27.
|
Zwor wefe
|
Electric Potential
|
V
|
‡fvë
|
V or J.C-1
|
ML2T-3 I-1
|
|
28.
|
‡iva
|
Resistance
|
R
|
Ing
|
Ω
|
ML2T-3 I-2
|
1| wgbv GKwU Zv‡ii e¨vm wbY©q Ki‡Z PvBj | cix¶vMv‡i wk¶K Zv‡K Kx fv‡e wbY©q Ki‡Z nq Zv †`wL‡q w`‡jb,hvi ‰iwLK †¯‹j cvV 3mm, e„ËvKvi †¯‹‡ji fvM msL¨v 30 Ges hš¿wUi jwNô MYY wQj 0.1mm |
K) ¯ŒzM‡Ri abvZœK ΓwU Kv‡K e‡j?
L) GK‡Ki AvšÍR©wZK c×wZ †Kb myweavRbK?
M) wgbvi e¨en„Z Zv‡ii cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
N) ¯vBW K¨vwjcvm© I ¯ŒzM‡Ri g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
1 bs cÖkœ DËi t (K)
¯ŒzM‡Ri aYvZœK ΓwUt e„ËvKvi ‡¯‹‡ji k~b¨ `vM hw` ˆiwLK †¯‹‡ji k~b¨`v‡Mi wb‡P _v‡K, Zvn‡j G ΓwU‡K ¯ŒzM‡Ri abvZœK ΓwU e‡j|
1 bs cÖkœ DËi t (L)
GK‡Ki AvšÍRv©wZK c×wZ myweavRbK| KviY †gŠwjK ivwki GKKmg~n †h‡nZz Ab¨ GKK¸‡jvi Ici wbf©i K‡i bv, ZvB †gŠwjK GKK B‡”QgZ wbe©vPb Kiv hvq | wKš‘ †mB wbe©vPb hw` AvšÍR©vwZK c×wZ†Z bv nq Zvn‡j GwU cwiewZ©Z n‡Zv A_©vr GwU ¯’vb, Kvj, cv‡Îi Ici wbf©i KiZ| Gi d‡j wewfbœ †`‡k GKwU ivwki GKK wfbœ wfbœ nZ | G‡Z AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e wKQz cwigvc Ki‡Z n‡j wewfbœ iK‡gi mgm¨v m„wó nZ| wfbœ& wfbœ gZvgZ m„wó n‡Zv | Aci w`‡K AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e GKwU ivwki GKK wbw`©ó nIqvi Rb¨ GLb Avi †Kvb mgm¨v m„wó nq bv | ZvB GK‡Ki AvšÍRv©wZK c×wZ myweavRbK|
1 bs cÖkœ DËi t (M)
‡`Iqv Av‡Q ,
‰iwLK †¯‹j cvV, L = 3mm
e„ËvKvi †¯‹‡ji fvM msL¨v, C = 30
hš¿wUi jwNô MYY wQj, LC = 0.1mm
Avgiv Rvwb , Zv‡ii e¨vm, d = ‰iwLK †¯‹j cvV + e„ËvKvi †¯‹‡ji fvM msL¨v × jwNô MYY
=L + C × LC
= ( 3 + 30 × 0.1 ) mm
|
d
2
|
|
6
2
|
= 3.1416 ×( )2 mm2
= 28.27 mm2
myZivs Zv‡ii cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †¶Îdj: 28.27 mm2 (Ans.)
1 bs cÖkœ DËi t (N)
¯øvvBW K¨vwjcvm© I ¯Œz-M‡Ri g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
|
¯øvvBW K¨vwjcvm©
|
¯Œz-MR
|
|
1| ¯øvvBW K¨vwjcv‡m©i Aci bvg fvwbqvi K¨vwjcvm© |
|
1| ¯ŒzM‡Ri Aci bvg gvB‡µvwgUvi |
|
|
2| ¯øvvBW K¨vwjcv‡m©i mvnv‡h¨ e¯‘i ˆ`N¨©, †PvO ev †ejy‡bi D”PZv, dvucv b‡ji AšÍte¨vm I ewnte¨vm wbY©q Kiv nq|
|
2| ¯ŒzM‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡ii e¨vmva© , mi“ †Pv‡Oi e¨vmva© I †QvU ˆ`N¨© wbY©q Kiv nq|
|
|
3| G h‡š¿ `yB ai‡bi ÎywU †`Lv hvq| h_v: abvZ¥K ÎywU I FYvZ¥K ÎywU |
|
3| G h‡šÎ `yB ai‡bi ÎæwU †`Lv hvq h_v - k~Y¨ ÎæwU I wcQb ÎæwU |
|
|
4| G h‡š¿ fvwb©qvi aªyeK wbY©q Kiv nq |
|
4| G h‡š¿ jwNô MYb wbY©q Kiv nq |
|
|
5| `‡Ûi ˆ`N¨© wbY©‡qi m~Ît L = M + V × VC
|
5| Zv‡ii e¨vm wbY©‡qi m~Ît d = L + C × LC
|
2| ivwk `yB cÖKvi - ‡gŠwjK ivwk I jwä ivwk| Giƒc K‡qKwU ivwk nj-
(i) ‡eM (ii) Z¡iY (iii) mgq I (iv) Z¡iY| G‡`i g‡a¨ wewfbœ m¤úK© we`¨gvb hv gvÎvi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq |
K) GK wgUvi Kv‡K e‡j?
L) (i) I (iii) bs ivwki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL |
M) (i) , (ii) I (iv) bs ivwki g‡a¨ m¤úK©wU wj‡L gvÎvi mvnv‡h¨ mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki |
N) (i) , (ii) I (iv) bs ivwki g‡a¨ m¤úK©wU cÖwZcv`b Ki|
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1
299792458
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GK wgUvi: k~b¨ ¯’v‡b Av‡jv †m‡K‡Û †h `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K GK wgUvi e‡j|
2 bs cÖkœ Dëi t (L)
‡eM I mg‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡P †`Iqv njt
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‡eM
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mgq
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1| ‡eM GKwU jä ivwk|
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1| mgq GKwU †gŠwjK ivwk |
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2| †e‡Mi GKK wgUvi/‡m‡KÛ
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2| mg‡qi GKK †m‡KÛ|
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3| †eM‡K v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
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3| mgq †K t Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
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4| †eM = miY/mgq
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4| mg‡qi Giƒc mgxKiY †bB|
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